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For other uses, see Ammonia (disambiguation).
Ammonia
IUPAC name
Azane
Other names
Ammonia
Hydrogen nitride
Spirit of Hartshorn
Nitro-Sil
Vaporole [1]
Identifiers
CAS number
[7664-41-7]
PubChem
222
RTECS number
BO0875000
SMILES
N
InChI
1/H3N/h1H3
Properties
Molecular formula
NH3
Molar mass
17.0306 g/mol
Appearance
Colorless gas with strong pungent odor
Density
0.6942 [2]
Melting point
-77.73 °C (195.42 K) Boiling point-33.34 °C (239.81 K) Solubility in water 89.9 g/100 mL at 0 °C Basicity (pKb) 4.75 (reaction with H2O) Refractive index (nD) εr Structure Molecular shape Trigonal pyramid Dipole moment 1.42 D Hazards MSDS External MSDS Main hazards Hazardous gas, caustic, corrosive NFPA 704 1 3 0 R-phrases R10, R23, R34, R50 (S1/2), S16, S36/37/39, S45, S61 Flash point None[3] Autoignition temperature 651 °C Related compounds Other anions hydroxide (NH4OH) Other cations Ammonium (NH4+) Related chloride (NH4Cl) Related compounds Hydrazine Hydrazoic acid Hydroxylamine Chloramine Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. Thermodynamic data Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas Spectral data UV, IR, NMR, MS Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and referencesAmmonia is a compound with the formula NH3. It is normally encountered as a gas with a characteristic pungent odor. Ammonia contributes significantly to the nutritional needs of terrestrial organisms by serving as a precursor to foodstuffs and fertilizers. Ammonia, either directly or indirectly, also is a building block for the synthesis of many pharmaceuticals. Although in wide use, ammonia is both caustic and hazardous. Ammonia, as used commercially, is often called anhydrous ammonia. This term emphasizes the absence of water in the material. Because NH3 boils at -33 °C, the liquid must be stored under high pressure or at low temperature. Its heat of vaporization is, however, sufficiently great that NH3 can be readily handled in ordinary beakers in a fume hood. "Household ammonia" or "ammonium hydroxide" is a solution of NH3 in water. The strength of such solutions is measured in units of baume (density), with 26 degrees baume (about 30 weight percent ammonia at 15.5 °C) being the typical high concentration commercial product.[4] Household ammonia ranges in concentration from 5 to 10 weight percent ammonia. (See Baumé scale) IRC Chat channels
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